11月10日,國家能源局和國家發改委聯合發布《關于建立煤電容量電價機(ji)制(zhi)的通知》,正(zheng)式(shi)將現行煤(mei)電(dian)單一制(zhi)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)調整為(wei)兩部制(zhi)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),其中(zhong)電(dian)量電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)通過市(shi)場化(hua)方式(shi)形成(cheng),靈敏反映電(dian)力市(shi)場供(gong)需(xu)、燃(ran)料成(cheng)本變化(hua)等情況;容量電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)水平根(gen)據轉型進度等實際情況合(he)理確(que)定(ding)并逐步調整,充分體(ti)現煤(mei)電(dian)對(dui)電(dian)力系統的支撐調節價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值,確(que)保煤(mei)電(dian)行業持續(xu)健康(kang)運行。
煤電(dian)容量電(dian)價(jia)按(an)照回(hui)收(shou)(shou)煤電(dian)機組(zu)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)比(bi)(bi)例固(gu)定(ding)(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)方式確定(ding)(ding)。其中,用(yong)于(yu)計算容量電(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)煤電(dian)機組(zu)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)實行全國統(tong)一(yi)標準(zhun),為每年每千瓦330元(yuan);通(tong)過(guo)容量電(dian)價(jia)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)比(bi)(bi)例,綜(zong)合考慮各地電(dian)力系統(tong)需要、煤電(dian)功能轉型情況等(deng)因素確定(ding)(ding),2024~2025年多數(shu)地方為30%左(zuo)右(you),部分煤電(dian)功能轉型較(jiao)快的(de)(de)(de)地方適當高一(yi)些,為50%左(zuo)右(you)(各省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)網煤電(dian)容量電(dian)價(jia)水平具體見附件)。2026年起,將各地通(tong)過(guo)容量電(dian)價(jia)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)例提升至不低于(yu)50%。
至此煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)千(qian)(qian)呼萬(wan)喚始(shi)出來。更早(zao)之(zhi)前,抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也已公布(bu)。2023年5月15日,國家發(fa)(fa)展改革委(wei)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《國家發(fa)(fa)展改革委(wei)關(guan)于抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)及有關(guan)事項的通知》,明確抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費從“納入(ru)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)回收”改為在輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)外(wai)單列,并核定在運及2025年底(di)前擬投(tou)運的48座(zuo)抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。其中存量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)31個(ge),合(he)計容(rong)量(liang)(liang)3050萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦、平(ping)均容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)427元/千(qian)(qian)瓦·年。對于100萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)在324元(廣東惠州)和576元(江蘇(su)溧陽)之(zhi)間。新(xin)增(zeng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17個(ge),合(he)計容(rong)量(liang)(liang)2550萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦、平(ping)均容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)566元/千(qian)(qian)瓦·年,容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)較(jiao)存量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)高33%。受站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)址資源及造(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)影響(xiang),各電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)在511元(豐(feng)寧二期)和690元(新(xin)疆阜康(kang))之(zhi)間。
無論是煤電還是抽水蓄能,容量電價政策對其都有實質性利好,但是新型儲能電價政策一直未出臺。
2021年7月(yue),國家發展(zhan)改革委(wei)、國家能(neng)源局聯合(he)發布《關于加快推動新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)發展(zhan)的指(zhi)導意見》,明確了2025年實(shi)現新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)裝機容量3000萬(wan)千瓦以上,2030年實(shi)現全面市場(chang)化的目(mu)標(biao),并明確了支持新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)作(zuo)為獨立市場(chang)主體參(can)與(yu)電力中(zhong)長(chang)期市場(chang)、現貨市場(chang)和輔助服務市場(chang)。
現階國(guo)內新型儲(chu)(chu)能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的商業(ye)模式較為單(dan)一。發電(dian)(dian)側配置儲(chu)(chu)能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)主要依靠減(jian)少棄電(dian)(dian)率,提升發電(dian)(dian)效率增加(jia)收(shou)益;用戶側共享(xiang)儲(chu)(chu)能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)收(shou)益主要來自(zi)峰谷價差,由于峰谷價差受到電(dian)(dian)價波動(dong)以及電(dian)(dian)網代購電(dian)(dian)的影(ying)響,整體收(shou)益不(bu)穩定。
早在2022年兩會期間,全國政協委員(yuan)、寧德(de)時(shi)代董事長曾毓群(qun)就(jiu)曾在提(ti)案(an)中提(ti)出,針對(dui)抽(chou)水蓄能(neng),國家已經(jing)出臺(tai)了(le)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)。但(dan)發展空間更大(da)的新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng),卻無法同等享受容(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)價政策,面臨不(bu)公平競爭,發展速度和質量(liang)嚴重受限(xian)。建議參照抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)建立適用新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)特點(dian)的容(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)價政策,給企業形成穩定合理的收益空間。
根據「儲能之音」了解,國家發改委和國家能源局正在醞釀和制定國家層面的新型儲能容量電價政策,并(bing)召(zhao)開了(le)多次會議,有望在(zai)今年(nian)年(nian)內出臺。
雖然(ran)國家尚未出臺新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)政策(ce),但部分地方(fang)政府在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)探索(suo)方(fang)面已經(jing)邁(mai)出了(le)一(yi)步。今年6月,新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)發改委(wei)印發《關于建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)(jian)全支(zhi)持新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能健(jian)(jian)康有(you)序發展(zhan)配套政策(ce)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》,提出建(jian)(jian)立(li)獨立(li)儲(chu)(chu)能容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)補(bu)償機制(zhi),在(zai)國家出臺統一(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型儲(chu)(chu)能容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)前,對(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)投運的(de)(de)獨立(li)儲(chu)(chu)能先(xian)按照(zhao)放電(dian)量(liang)實施0.2元/千瓦時的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)補(bu)償。